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Since the formation of the Hamas/"Change and Reform" government in the Palestinian National Authority in March 2006, al-Zahar has served as foreign minister in the government of Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh.
Little is known about al-Zahar's early life beyond the report that he was born to a Palestinian
father and an Egyptian mother. At the age of 26, he graduated from the Cairo
University Faculty of Medicine and five years later he got his Masters Degree in
General Surgery from Ain Shams University, Cairo. He then became the advisor to
the Palestinian Health Minister, and helped create the Palestinian Medical
Society and was one of the primary founders of the Islamic University in Gaza in
1978.
Instrumental to the creation of Hamas in 1987, al-Zahar has
remained a senior official and spokesperson for the group and is
rumoured to have succeeded to leadership of the group following
Israel's assassination of Ahmed Yassin in 2004. Hamas routinely
denied this rumour, but refused to name who their new leader
was, for fear of Israeli reprisals.
Mahmoud al-Zahar has described the creation of "Hamastan" as a
goal of Hamas. "When asked by a Newsweek reporter (August 30,
2005) whether the Gaza Strip would become “Hamastan”, Mahmoud
al-Zahar responded: 'It should be Hamastan'."
The most notable attempt on al-Zahar's life was on September 10,
2003, when Israeli F-16s dropped a large bomb over his house in
the Rimal neighborhood of Gaza, which only managed to slightly
wound him, while his son Khaled, and a personal bodyguard were
killed, and twenty others wounded including his daughter Rima.
His house was destroyed, and ten other houses nearby were
damaged, as well as the nearby Al-Rahman mosque. The resulting
funeral was attended by over two thousand mourners, who called
on Hamas to avenge the deaths.
On January 15, 2008, al-Zahar's son Hussam was reportedly killed
in an IDF air strike on a car full of Hamas militants in
northern Gaza.
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